Whaling nations defeat proposed Atlantic sanctuary

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Source: http://news.yahoo.com/japan-defeats-proposal-atlantic-sanctuary-193035000.html

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Texas cattle deaths tied to toxic Bermuda grass

(AP) ? The sun was setting when Jerry Abel's cattle began to bellow on his Central Texas ranch. They were convulsing by the time he rushed to the pasture. Within hours, Abel had lost almost all his herd.

The culprit: toxic grass.

Abel's 15 dead cattle represent the first documented case of cyanide deaths being linked to a common Bermuda grass hybrid found in grazing lands across the Southeast. Although the incident in late May initially sparked concern from other ranchers who use the same grass, state agriculture experts say they believe the problem is isolated and there's no cause for alarm.

"If cattle are already on pasture, don't worry about it," said Larry Redmon, a specialist with Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service, which worked with state and federal agencies to investigate the deaths. "Chances are it's not going to be an issue." But, he said, "I would never say never."

Preliminary results from the investigation show Abel's Tifton 85 grass contained cyanide, or prussic acid, though Redmond said what caused the poison to build up remains unclear and under investigation.

The grass, a warm-weather perennial grown south of the Red River, was released to ranchers in 1992 for its drought resistance and nutritive value and is perhaps the most commonly used Bermuda grass variety in Texas, the nation's leading cattle state.

Since other grasses such as sorghums or Sudan can pose cyanide danger, most ranchers know to wait seven to 10 days after new growth before sending cattle to graze, Redmon said. That allows the grass time to release the cyanide into the atmosphere.

But because this is the first reported case of deadly levels of prussic acid in Bermuda grass, the 69-year-old Abel had no idea his cattle were in danger. He's been a rancher since 1977 and growing Tifton 85 on his pasture northeast of Austin for 15 years.

"I was totally, completely surprised," he said from his Elgin ranch, which contains about 30 acres of Tifton 85. "I never expected anything like this."

At about 8 or 9 in the evening on May 24, Abel let his 18 head of Corriente cattle into the pasture. His trainer heard the first bellows, and when they returned to the pasture, they saw many of the cattle convulsing, some already dead. Just three cattle survived.

Abel called his veterinarian, who came to the ranch the next morning to begin autopsies on the animals. The U.S. Department of Agriculture and Texas Department of Agriculture are working closely with the extension office on the investigation.

The extension service will attempt to recreate in a greenhouse all the factors that may have caused the prussic acid release, Redmon said.

He called the cyanide deaths a "perfect storm" of conditions that remain under investigation. The grass, which had been stressed by drought, soaked up spring rains that prompted lush growth. Prussic acid levels are highest in new growth, which is the layer eaten first by cattle. Grasshoppers, which had reportedly infested the area, may have damaged the grass tissue, causing a release of prussic acid. The cattle were eager to munch on fresh grass.

State and federal agriculture officials could not provide a tally of how many cattle die from eating toxic grass. Redmon said he has heard of other large numbers of cattle dying at once from lightning, nitrates or algae poisoning. Strange toxins also have been known to kill cattle in states such as Illinois and Nebraska, though experts and ranchers agree those kinds of deaths are rarer.

Redmon stressed that thousands of ranchers across the southeastern United States continue to graze their cattle on Tifton 85 and have reported no issues. He said ranchers expect about a 2 percent loss each year "as part of doing business."

A few ranchers have called Abel to get his advice, but he said he's pointed them to the extension service and its recommendations. Other area ranchers said they will do more research on the incident, but aren't concerned with their own fields.

Jim McAdams, former president of the National Cattlemen's Beef Association and long-time Texas rancher, said he always gets concerned when extreme weather causes rapid growth of hay or grass.

"Weird things happen," said McAdams, 62, who has about 40 acres of Tifton 85 near Huntsville. "It's just something that we ranchers have lived with for a long time."

Jim Russell, a grass grower and distributer in Sulphur Springs, questioned whether cyanide was the main culprit in the deaths of Abel's cattle.

"Anytime you put real hungry stomachs on a pasture you're going to have problems," said Russell, 74, who has been in the hay business since 1979 and isn't worried about his grasses. "Their bodies can't handle it."

Abel, who does not remember who he purchased the Tifton 85 sprigs from nearly 15 years ago, said the cattle were given hay and water in their pens before being turned out into the field. He added that anytime cattle are set loose to graze in a new pasture, even if they have been fed hay first, "they're going to go after it."

Abel said he has replaced the dead cattle and is keeping all his livestock in pens and feeding them hay. He said the Tifton 85 grass can still be used as hay because the prussic acid eventually dissipates.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/f70471f764144b2fab526d39972d37b3/Article_2012-06-30-Food%20and%20Farm-Toxic%20Grass/id-1f802def6b17458ea51407aaea998b17

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Maggie Jackson: Hold the Family Talk: I'll Have Another... Screen

Remember the 2008 movie Wall-e, which featured a little robot that saved the polluted earth? In that ingenious flick, humanity had abandoned the sinking ship of planet Earth and crowded onto a space station. Too fat to walk, people zipped around on rocket-propelled chairs, eyes glued to screens, a straw-topped cup of liquid sustenance always at hand. It was an astonishing and chilling movie because, as with all great science fiction, there was more than a seed of truth in its outlandishness.

Well, I sometimes get the feeling that Wall-e isn't so sci-fi anymore.

With the lure of screen-life mounting, we barely look into one another's eyes and hardly have an occasion to speak face-to-face -- all day long. A new trend in restaurants adds to the impression: eateries are experimenting with table-top computers that allow diners to pay online and entertain children (and adults) with games. The aim is, of course, profit: a mesmerized and quick-paying customer speeds through the restaurant faster. Parents get more time to converse with each other, children are happily entertained.

The idea in itself is fairly harmless. I still recall the tabletop jukeboxes that many diners featured once upon a time. A decade ago, we stumbled upon them in a retro country lunch joint, and my children were enthralled.

But as with so many technological questions, the issue is of degree. At a time when we are saturating ourselves with media, the notion of inserting yet another screen into yet another moment of life is disturbing on many levels. Conversation is the bedrock of family and societal life -- and these diversions usurp some of the rare times that families are physically together. (Work by Daniel Anderson at UMass shows that parent-child interaction falls nearly 20 percent when TV is running in the background of life, as it does in a majority of American homes.)

As well, the table-top screen is usually a solo experience, so replaces a crucial opportunity for shared attention. (Joint attention -- sharing a moment of focus together and knowing that you are doing so -- is one of the signal achievements of early childhood. Its absence is a first marker of autism.) Not least, speeding mindlessly through eating is thought to be one cause of the obesity crisis.

I'm not in favor of living off the grid, but a family dinner out is a perfect chance to unplug. It's a chance for connection that was lost on the screen-drugged humans of Wall-e. I will never forget one aspect of the movie: the only characters who really looked one another in the eye, related deeply and fell in love were... the robots. Almost all of the humans lived glued to the screen -- perhaps afraid to look at the complexity, brutality, ambiguity and joy of real life.

?

Follow Maggie Jackson on Twitter: www.twitter.com/@maggie8jackson

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Videla denies Argentine dictatorship baby thefts

(AP) ? Former Argentine dictator Jorge Rafael Videla denied Tuesday that his government stole babies from women who were detained and then executed during the country's 1976-1983 dictatorship.

Videla, 86, was defiant as he testified during a trial on charges that his administration stole 34 babies from their mothers as they were held in torture centers, going so far as to blame the women.

"If the removal of an underage minor took place, it was not because of an implicit order . framed in a systematic plan and coming from the upper ranks of the armed forces during the years of the war against terrorism," Videla said. With his thick glasses, white hair and mustache, Videla looked more like a grandfather than the former strongman who was sentenced to life in prison in 2010 for kidnapping, torture and murder.

Videla continued: "All the pregnant ones referred to in the suit and by prosecutors were active militants of a mechanism of terror and many of them used their child embryos as human shields when they operated as fighters."

Human rights groups estimate that up to 30,000 people were killed in a government-sponsored crackdown on leftist dissidents during the so-called Dirty War. Official estimates put the number at 13,000 ? many of them women, whose babies were kidnapped and adopted by army families or allies of the regime and illegally registered.

The activist group Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo says some 500 children were born while their mothers were in captivity. The group has helped 106 of them reunite with their biological families. The kidnapping of babies from mothers in captivity is considered a crime against humanity.

Videla led the military junta from 1976 to 1981, following a coup that he staged with other military officials. He is now on trial for kidnapping and hiding minors under the age of 10 during the dictatorship. Argentina's Supreme Court struck two amnesty laws in 2005 that had protected military officials from dictatorship-era human rights crimes. Since then, many of the officials have been jailed.

Prosecutors are asking for a 50-year prison sentence for Videla, who was sentenced to a second life sentence in 2011 for human rights abuses. The prosecutors argue that the military regime set up detention centers where mothers were kept until they gave birth.

During closing arguments Tuesday, Videla said he was a political prisoner and called the case a farce set up to satisfy "a quest for revenge" by those who were "defeated by the military" in the 1970s.

"I will assume under protest the unjust sentence that I might be given for my contribution in the achievement of national harmony," Videla said.

The trial began Feb. 2011 but the sentence date has not been set yet. Also standing trial is Reynaldo Bignone, the last president during the dictatorship, as well as several former military officials and a doctor who assisted the pregnant women in captivity.

At the time of the Dirty War, the junta denied any knowledge of the baby thefts, let alone responsibility for the disappearance of political prisoners. In public, the U.S. government also was circumspect, even as the junta's death squads kidnapped and killed its opponents.

A former U.S. diplomat testified earlier this year that U.S. officials knew Argentina's military regime was taking babies from jailed dissidents during the Dirty War and that it appeared to be a systematic effort at the time.

Associated Press

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Progress in quest to reduce use of radiation in treatment of pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma

[ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 26-Jun-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Summer Freeman
summer.freeman@stjude.org
901-595-3061
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital

Trial led by St. Jude Children's Research Hospital investigators succeeds in keeping cure rates high for young patients with favorable-risk Hodgkin lymphoma while reducing their chances of serious treatment side effects

A multicenter trial showed that nearly half of young patients with early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma can be cured without undergoing either irradiation or intensive chemotherapy that would leave them at risk for second cancers, infertility, heart and other problems later.

St. Jude Children's Research Hospital investigators led this multi-institution study, which focused on pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma patients without widespread disease or symptoms such as weight loss, fever and night sweats. The findings will likely spur efforts to identify patients with even more advanced disease whose cancer could be effectively treated with less irradiation.

"This study adds to evidence that it is possible to omit radiation even in patients treated with a less intense chemotherapy regimen and still achieve excellent long-term survival," said Monika Metzger, M.D., an associate member of the St. Jude Department of Oncology. She is the first and corresponding author of the research, which is published in the June 27 edition of the Journal of the American Medical Association.

"These results will help push efforts to further adapt therapies based on a patient's disease risk factors and early response to treatment with the goal of eliminating radiation for as many patients as possible," she said. Metzger said the findings point to the possibility that elderly Hodgkin patients with similarly limited disease and who are less able to tolerate intensive chemotherapy may also be candidates for the minimal treatment approach used in this study.

For decades, radiation has been a staple of Hodgkin lymphoma treatment in children and adults. In children, radiation and chemotherapy have helped push long-term survival rates for patients with favorable-risk disease to better than 90 percent. But radiation leaves patients vulnerable to second cancers and other serious problems later. By the 1990s, work was underway in earnest to identify patients who could be cured without radiation.

Hodgkin is found in 850 to 900 children and adolescents each year and accounts for an estimated 6 percent of all childhood cancers. The disease strikes the lymph system, which includes the lymph nodes, tonsils and other immune system components.

This study involved 88 patients whose cancer had spread to less than three lymph node groups and surrounding tissue. None of the patients reported fever, weight loss or other symptoms also associated with a worse outcome. About one-third of young Hodgkin lymphoma patients fall into this favorable risk category. The patients were treated between March 2000, and December 2008, at St. Jude; Stanford University Medical Center; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Massachusetts General Hospital, both in Boston; and Maine Medical Center, in Portland. One patient withdrew early and was not included in the results.

The patients all received four rounds of chemotherapy with the drugs vinblastine, Adriamycin, methotrexate and prednisone, a combination known as VAMP. Unlike some other chemotherapy agents used to treat Hodgkin lymphoma, none of these drugs is linked to second cancers or infertility. One, Adriamycin, belongs to a family of drugs that can lead to heart damage, but at much higher cumulative doses.

Radiation was recommended for patients whose tumors had not shrunk at least 75 percent following two rounds of chemotherapy. Those patients received low-dose irradiation of 25.5 grays to the tumor and surrounding tissue.

For patients with a favorable initial response to chemotherapy, omitting radiation had no impact on their survival either two years or five years after their diagnosis. Those patients fared no worse than patients who received radiation therapy after the opening rounds of chemotherapy resulted in only a partial response. All patients followed for at least five years were still alive regardless of their initial treatment.

More than 88 percent of the five-year survivors were cancer-free. Patients in both treatment groups were equally likely to enjoy that status.

Cancer returned in 11 patients, including five not initially treated with radiation. The recurrence was successfully treated with chemotherapy and low-dose irradiation. Four patients who received irradiation during their treatment received high-dose chemotherapy and bone marrow transplants when their cancer returned. One patient was successfully treated with a more intensive chemotherapy and radiation combination than the one that initially worked, but that patient did not undergo a bone marrow transplant. Another patient relapsed with a form of lymphoma known as non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Despite treatment, that patient later died of the disease.

Metzger said the findings suggest that for a subgroup of Hodgkin lymphoma patients this therapeutic regimen may not be appropriate. These are patients with nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin. Of the five patients in the chemotherapy-only group who relapsed, four had this subtype.

###

The other authors are Howard Weinstein, Alison Friedmann, Torunn Yock and Nancy Tarbell, all of Massachusetts General Hospital; Melissa Hudson, Scott Howard, Matthew Krasin, Larry Kun, Catherine Billups and Jianrong Wu, all of St. Jude; Amy Billett and Karen Marcus, both of Dana-Farber; Eric Larsen, Maine Medical Center; and Sarah Donaldson and Michael Link, both of Stanford.

The study was funded in part by a Cancer Center Support Grant (CA021765) from the National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes and ALSAC.

St. Jude Children's Research Hospital

Since opening 50 years ago, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital has changed the way the world treats childhood cancer and other life-threatening diseases. No family ever pays St. Jude for the care their child receives and, for every child treated here, thousands more have been saved worldwide through St. Jude discoveries. The hospital has played a pivotal role in pushing U.S. pediatric cancer survival rates from 20 to 80 percent overall, and is the first and only National Cancer Institute-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center devoted solely to children. It is also a leader in the research and treatment of blood disorders and infectious diseases in children. St. Jude was founded by the late entertainer Danny Thomas, who believed that no child should die in the dawn of life. To learn more, visit www.stjude.org. Follow us on Twitter @StJudeResearch.


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 26-Jun-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Summer Freeman
summer.freeman@stjude.org
901-595-3061
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital

Trial led by St. Jude Children's Research Hospital investigators succeeds in keeping cure rates high for young patients with favorable-risk Hodgkin lymphoma while reducing their chances of serious treatment side effects

A multicenter trial showed that nearly half of young patients with early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma can be cured without undergoing either irradiation or intensive chemotherapy that would leave them at risk for second cancers, infertility, heart and other problems later.

St. Jude Children's Research Hospital investigators led this multi-institution study, which focused on pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma patients without widespread disease or symptoms such as weight loss, fever and night sweats. The findings will likely spur efforts to identify patients with even more advanced disease whose cancer could be effectively treated with less irradiation.

"This study adds to evidence that it is possible to omit radiation even in patients treated with a less intense chemotherapy regimen and still achieve excellent long-term survival," said Monika Metzger, M.D., an associate member of the St. Jude Department of Oncology. She is the first and corresponding author of the research, which is published in the June 27 edition of the Journal of the American Medical Association.

"These results will help push efforts to further adapt therapies based on a patient's disease risk factors and early response to treatment with the goal of eliminating radiation for as many patients as possible," she said. Metzger said the findings point to the possibility that elderly Hodgkin patients with similarly limited disease and who are less able to tolerate intensive chemotherapy may also be candidates for the minimal treatment approach used in this study.

For decades, radiation has been a staple of Hodgkin lymphoma treatment in children and adults. In children, radiation and chemotherapy have helped push long-term survival rates for patients with favorable-risk disease to better than 90 percent. But radiation leaves patients vulnerable to second cancers and other serious problems later. By the 1990s, work was underway in earnest to identify patients who could be cured without radiation.

Hodgkin is found in 850 to 900 children and adolescents each year and accounts for an estimated 6 percent of all childhood cancers. The disease strikes the lymph system, which includes the lymph nodes, tonsils and other immune system components.

This study involved 88 patients whose cancer had spread to less than three lymph node groups and surrounding tissue. None of the patients reported fever, weight loss or other symptoms also associated with a worse outcome. About one-third of young Hodgkin lymphoma patients fall into this favorable risk category. The patients were treated between March 2000, and December 2008, at St. Jude; Stanford University Medical Center; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Massachusetts General Hospital, both in Boston; and Maine Medical Center, in Portland. One patient withdrew early and was not included in the results.

The patients all received four rounds of chemotherapy with the drugs vinblastine, Adriamycin, methotrexate and prednisone, a combination known as VAMP. Unlike some other chemotherapy agents used to treat Hodgkin lymphoma, none of these drugs is linked to second cancers or infertility. One, Adriamycin, belongs to a family of drugs that can lead to heart damage, but at much higher cumulative doses.

Radiation was recommended for patients whose tumors had not shrunk at least 75 percent following two rounds of chemotherapy. Those patients received low-dose irradiation of 25.5 grays to the tumor and surrounding tissue.

For patients with a favorable initial response to chemotherapy, omitting radiation had no impact on their survival either two years or five years after their diagnosis. Those patients fared no worse than patients who received radiation therapy after the opening rounds of chemotherapy resulted in only a partial response. All patients followed for at least five years were still alive regardless of their initial treatment.

More than 88 percent of the five-year survivors were cancer-free. Patients in both treatment groups were equally likely to enjoy that status.

Cancer returned in 11 patients, including five not initially treated with radiation. The recurrence was successfully treated with chemotherapy and low-dose irradiation. Four patients who received irradiation during their treatment received high-dose chemotherapy and bone marrow transplants when their cancer returned. One patient was successfully treated with a more intensive chemotherapy and radiation combination than the one that initially worked, but that patient did not undergo a bone marrow transplant. Another patient relapsed with a form of lymphoma known as non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Despite treatment, that patient later died of the disease.

Metzger said the findings suggest that for a subgroup of Hodgkin lymphoma patients this therapeutic regimen may not be appropriate. These are patients with nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin. Of the five patients in the chemotherapy-only group who relapsed, four had this subtype.

###

The other authors are Howard Weinstein, Alison Friedmann, Torunn Yock and Nancy Tarbell, all of Massachusetts General Hospital; Melissa Hudson, Scott Howard, Matthew Krasin, Larry Kun, Catherine Billups and Jianrong Wu, all of St. Jude; Amy Billett and Karen Marcus, both of Dana-Farber; Eric Larsen, Maine Medical Center; and Sarah Donaldson and Michael Link, both of Stanford.

The study was funded in part by a Cancer Center Support Grant (CA021765) from the National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes and ALSAC.

St. Jude Children's Research Hospital

Since opening 50 years ago, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital has changed the way the world treats childhood cancer and other life-threatening diseases. No family ever pays St. Jude for the care their child receives and, for every child treated here, thousands more have been saved worldwide through St. Jude discoveries. The hospital has played a pivotal role in pushing U.S. pediatric cancer survival rates from 20 to 80 percent overall, and is the first and only National Cancer Institute-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center devoted solely to children. It is also a leader in the research and treatment of blood disorders and infectious diseases in children. St. Jude was founded by the late entertainer Danny Thomas, who believed that no child should die in the dawn of life. To learn more, visit www.stjude.org. Follow us on Twitter @StJudeResearch.


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


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Sony's new Google TV set-top box coming July 22, and they are going global

Sony NSZ-GS7

Two great pieces of news here in one press release -- Sony's new set-top Google TV box, the NSZ-GS7, will go on sale July 22 and the $199 price tag has been confirmed. Pre-orders are live now at Sony. Maybe even bigger news is that Sony will follow the US release with units for the UK also in July, and Canada, Australia, France, Germany, Netherlands, Brazil, and Mexico will follow after. To round things out Sony also says they will be releasing the Blu-ray version this fall for United States, followed later by Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Netherlands.

As one of the first units of Google TV's promised 2012 summer refresh, we're excited to see how the dual-core Marvell SoC performs compared to the last generation ATOM-powered devices. We're think it will be a good bit better, as hardware performance was one of the weak spots with previous Google TV units. And that remote, with it's rear mini-qwerty and trackpad on the front, well, it just needs to be tried.

The full press release and a handful of official photos are after the break.

read more

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Retina Display MacBook Pro lacks IR sensor, is Apple offing the remote?

Image

It appears that Apple is ditching the remote control on the latest retina-display MacBook Pro. Our side-by-side comparisons yesterday revealed the new hardware doesn't have an infra-red receiver. The news compelled a reader to contact Apple's support service, which apparently confirmed that the accessory won't work on the new laptop. We'll keep you updated when we know more.

[Thanks, Robert]

Retina Display MacBook Pro lacks IR sensor, is Apple offing the remote? originally appeared on Engadget on Tue, 12 Jun 2012 06:43:00 EDT. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

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Outdoor Kitchens - Things to Know Before You Choose to Go For One

Outdoor kitchens are the latest trend today; wine coolers, refrigerators, and sinks are some of the popular items that are trending in lifestyle magazines. But the problem with them is that if not planned carefully they can set you back by a few thousand dollars. Here are a few things to know before you choose to go for an outdoor kitchen:

- Is it going to be a basic kitchen set up or are you going for ?the works' with electrical gadgets, fireplace, flexible seating, a separate grill and refrigerator etc? The project cost can range from a hundred to a few thousand dollars. Some kitchens that are a part of the million dollar makeover can cost anywhere from $75,000 to $85,000. Common amenities in such outdoor kitchens include flexible seating that can accommodate up to a hundred or more people, stainless steel grills, a fireplace, and surfaces with granite tops.

- Your choice of place is also important. Common aspects to consider before choosing a location would include view, wind, sun and shade, and proximity to the house. Local building codes, regulations by the homeowners association should also be kept in mind.

- What would be your choice of flooring? You can either choose contemporary styles such as slate which is concrete that is easy to clean or stamped concrete that gives a rustic feel or simple brick floorings. Irrespective of the choice, make sure to choose one that is durable even in heavy traffic and is stain proof. Marble or other slick flooring is certainly off the list.

- How much time do you intend to spend in the kitchen? Are you going to use it only to entertain guests or would you be using it every day?

- Do it yourself isn't a bad option if you've planned a basic kitchen, but if the project is large with detailed work, it's better to leave the job to the professionals.

- Some common accessories of an outdoor kitchen include a BBQ grill, a fireplace or a fire pit, an outdoor oven (a traditional brick or stone pizza oven would be ideal) etc. Besides these, you would need counter tops, storage cabinets, outdoor sinks, shelter over the kitchen, etc. As for the shelter, be sure to keep in mind the smoke that would blow from the grill before you choose a shelter for your outdoor kitchen.

- Your choice between a fire pit and fire place would largely depend on your needs. You can use a fire pit to cook with a rotisserie and grill; the same cannot be done on a fire place.

The author of this article helps people with home renovation tips and tricks, including helping them on outdoor kitchens and outdoor fireplaces.

Keywords: stamped concrete patios, polished concrete floors, outdoor fireplace, stain concrete, concrete sealing, outdoor kitchens, decorative concret

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About Online Payday Loans Finance

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10 June 2012 | Finance

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7 scientific pioneers receive the 2012 Kavli Prizes

[ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 31-May-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Anne-Marie Astad
anne.marie.astad@dnva.no
47-415-67406
The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters

This year's laureates were selected for making fundamental contributions to our understanding of the outer solar system, the differences in material properties at nano- and larger scales, and how the brain receives and responds to sensations such as sight, sound and touch.

The Kavli Prize in Astrophysics is shared between David C. Jewitt, University of California, USA, Jane X. Luu, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lincoln Laboratory, USA, and Michael E. Brown, California Institute of Technology, USA. They received the prize "for discovering and characterizing the Kuiper Belt and its largest members, work that led to a major advance in the understanding of the history of our planetary system."

The Kavli Prize in Nanoscience is given to Mildred S. Dresselhaus, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA, "for her pioneering contributions to the study of phonons, electron-phonon interactions, and thermal transport in nanostructures."

The Kavli Prize in Neuroscience is shared between Cornelia Isabella Bargmann, Rockefeller University, USA, Winfried Denk, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Germany, and Ann M. Graybiel, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA. They received the prize "for elucidating basic neuronal mechanisms underlying perception and decision."

The Kavli Prizes are a partnership between The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, The Kavli Foundation (USA) and The Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research. Today's announcement was made by Nils Christian Stenseth, President of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, and transmitted live at the opening event of the World Science Festival in New York.

His Majesty King Harald will present the Kavli Prizes to the laureates at an award ceremony in Oslo, Norway on September 4.

The Kavli Prize in Astrophysics

David Jewitt of the University of California, Los Angeles, USA, and Jane Luu of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, spent six years making observations of the outer solar system. Then in 1992 they spotted the first known object in the Kuiper Belt, the region beyond Neptune's orbit which is distant from the Sun by between 30 and 50 times the Earth-Sun distance. Since then they and others have identified more than 1,000 Kuiper Belt objects. Astronomers are particularly interested in these KBO's because their composition may be close to the primordial material that coalesced around the Sun during the formation of the solar system.

Jewitt and Luu share the 2012 Kavli prize for astrophysics with Michael Brown, of the California Institute of Technology, in Pasadena, California, who followed in their footsteps and searched the Kuiper Belt for planet-sized bodies. In 2005 he found Eris, an object about the same size as Pluto but with 27% more mass. As a result astronomers had to rethink what it is to be a "planet". The subsequent relegation of Pluto to "dwarf planet" status became worldwide news.

The Kavli Prize in Nanoscience

The nanoscience prize goes to Mildred S. Dresselhaus, of MIT. Over more than five decades, Dresselhaus has made multiple advances in helping to explain why the properties of materials structured at the nanoscale can vary so much from those of the same materials at larger dimensions.

Her early work on compounds made up of different chemical species sandwiched between graphite layers, known as graphite intercalation compounds, and carbon fibres, laid the groundwork for later discoveries concerning the famous C60 buckyball, carbon nanotubes and graphene. Dresselhaus receives the prize for her research into uniform oscillations of elastic arrangements of atoms or molecules called phonons, phonon-electron interactions and heat conductivity in nanostructures.

The Kavli Prize in Neuroscience

Three scientists, who have studied how sensory signals pass from points of sensation such as the eye, foot or nose to the brain, and how responses occur, share the neuroscience prize. Cornelia Bargmann, of the Rockefeller University in New York, used nematode worms (Caenorhabditis elegans) to provide insights into the molecular controls for animal behaviour. Important advances have included the discovery of the first evidence that the odour response is governed by neurons, of the intracellular signalling pathways between odorant receptors and sensory neurons, and of specific neurons, receptors and neurotransmitters involved in behaviour adaption following experience.

Two techniques developed by Winfried Denk, of the Max Planck Institute for Medical Research in Heidelberg, Germany, have allowed him to answer major questions about how information is transmitted from the eye to the brain. In 1990 he announced his invention of two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy, which allows imaging of living tissue at greater depths and with less unwanted background fluorescence. He went on to develop serial block-face electron microscopy, whereby detailed 3D imagery of minute structures within tissue are generated by the repeated removal of thin slices and scanning of the remaining cut surface of samples.

Ann M. Graybiel, of the McGovern Institute for Brain Research, at MIT, has identified and traced neural loops going from the outer layer of the brain to a region called the striatum and back again, and revealed that these form the basis for linking sensory cues to actions involved in habitual behaviours. She has provided a deeper understanding of the ability to make or break habits, and of what goes wrong in movement and repetitive behaviour disorders.

###

About the Kavli Prizes

The Kavli Prizes recognize scientists for their seminal advances in three research areas: astrophysics, nanoscience and neuroscience. Consisting of a scroll, medal and cash award of one million dollars, a prize in each of these areas has been awarded biennially since 2008. The Kavli Prize is a partnership between The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, The Kavli Foundation (US) and The Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research.

Kavli Prize recipients are chosen biennially by three prize committees comprised of distinguished international scientists recommended by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the French Academy of Sciences, the Max Planck Society, the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and The Royal Society. After making their selection for Award recipients, the recommendations of these prize committees are confirmed by the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.

The Kavli Prizes were initiated by and named after Fred Kavli, founder and chairman of The Kavli Foundation, which is dedicated to advancing science for the benefit of humanity, promoting public understanding of scientific research, and supporting scientists and their work.

The prizes are awarded at a ceremony in Oslo, Norway Kavli's native country with the President of the Norwegian Academy presiding. This year's ceremony will be hosted by se Kleveland, former Minister of culture for Norway, and Alan Alda, actor, director and writer whose long-time support of science has been honoured with the US National Science Board's Public Service Award.

The ceremony is part of Kavli Prize Week - a week of special programs that celebrate extraordinary achievements in science, educate the public on important scientific advances, and bring together distinguished members of the international community to discuss key global issues in science and science policy.

For more detailed information on each of the prizes, the 2012 laureates and their work, and Kavli Prize ceremony and Kavli Prize Week, see the Kavli Prize web page www.kavliprize.no


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 31-May-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Anne-Marie Astad
anne.marie.astad@dnva.no
47-415-67406
The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters

This year's laureates were selected for making fundamental contributions to our understanding of the outer solar system, the differences in material properties at nano- and larger scales, and how the brain receives and responds to sensations such as sight, sound and touch.

The Kavli Prize in Astrophysics is shared between David C. Jewitt, University of California, USA, Jane X. Luu, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lincoln Laboratory, USA, and Michael E. Brown, California Institute of Technology, USA. They received the prize "for discovering and characterizing the Kuiper Belt and its largest members, work that led to a major advance in the understanding of the history of our planetary system."

The Kavli Prize in Nanoscience is given to Mildred S. Dresselhaus, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA, "for her pioneering contributions to the study of phonons, electron-phonon interactions, and thermal transport in nanostructures."

The Kavli Prize in Neuroscience is shared between Cornelia Isabella Bargmann, Rockefeller University, USA, Winfried Denk, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Germany, and Ann M. Graybiel, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA. They received the prize "for elucidating basic neuronal mechanisms underlying perception and decision."

The Kavli Prizes are a partnership between The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, The Kavli Foundation (USA) and The Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research. Today's announcement was made by Nils Christian Stenseth, President of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, and transmitted live at the opening event of the World Science Festival in New York.

His Majesty King Harald will present the Kavli Prizes to the laureates at an award ceremony in Oslo, Norway on September 4.

The Kavli Prize in Astrophysics

David Jewitt of the University of California, Los Angeles, USA, and Jane Luu of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, spent six years making observations of the outer solar system. Then in 1992 they spotted the first known object in the Kuiper Belt, the region beyond Neptune's orbit which is distant from the Sun by between 30 and 50 times the Earth-Sun distance. Since then they and others have identified more than 1,000 Kuiper Belt objects. Astronomers are particularly interested in these KBO's because their composition may be close to the primordial material that coalesced around the Sun during the formation of the solar system.

Jewitt and Luu share the 2012 Kavli prize for astrophysics with Michael Brown, of the California Institute of Technology, in Pasadena, California, who followed in their footsteps and searched the Kuiper Belt for planet-sized bodies. In 2005 he found Eris, an object about the same size as Pluto but with 27% more mass. As a result astronomers had to rethink what it is to be a "planet". The subsequent relegation of Pluto to "dwarf planet" status became worldwide news.

The Kavli Prize in Nanoscience

The nanoscience prize goes to Mildred S. Dresselhaus, of MIT. Over more than five decades, Dresselhaus has made multiple advances in helping to explain why the properties of materials structured at the nanoscale can vary so much from those of the same materials at larger dimensions.

Her early work on compounds made up of different chemical species sandwiched between graphite layers, known as graphite intercalation compounds, and carbon fibres, laid the groundwork for later discoveries concerning the famous C60 buckyball, carbon nanotubes and graphene. Dresselhaus receives the prize for her research into uniform oscillations of elastic arrangements of atoms or molecules called phonons, phonon-electron interactions and heat conductivity in nanostructures.

The Kavli Prize in Neuroscience

Three scientists, who have studied how sensory signals pass from points of sensation such as the eye, foot or nose to the brain, and how responses occur, share the neuroscience prize. Cornelia Bargmann, of the Rockefeller University in New York, used nematode worms (Caenorhabditis elegans) to provide insights into the molecular controls for animal behaviour. Important advances have included the discovery of the first evidence that the odour response is governed by neurons, of the intracellular signalling pathways between odorant receptors and sensory neurons, and of specific neurons, receptors and neurotransmitters involved in behaviour adaption following experience.

Two techniques developed by Winfried Denk, of the Max Planck Institute for Medical Research in Heidelberg, Germany, have allowed him to answer major questions about how information is transmitted from the eye to the brain. In 1990 he announced his invention of two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy, which allows imaging of living tissue at greater depths and with less unwanted background fluorescence. He went on to develop serial block-face electron microscopy, whereby detailed 3D imagery of minute structures within tissue are generated by the repeated removal of thin slices and scanning of the remaining cut surface of samples.

Ann M. Graybiel, of the McGovern Institute for Brain Research, at MIT, has identified and traced neural loops going from the outer layer of the brain to a region called the striatum and back again, and revealed that these form the basis for linking sensory cues to actions involved in habitual behaviours. She has provided a deeper understanding of the ability to make or break habits, and of what goes wrong in movement and repetitive behaviour disorders.

###

About the Kavli Prizes

The Kavli Prizes recognize scientists for their seminal advances in three research areas: astrophysics, nanoscience and neuroscience. Consisting of a scroll, medal and cash award of one million dollars, a prize in each of these areas has been awarded biennially since 2008. The Kavli Prize is a partnership between The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, The Kavli Foundation (US) and The Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research.

Kavli Prize recipients are chosen biennially by three prize committees comprised of distinguished international scientists recommended by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the French Academy of Sciences, the Max Planck Society, the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and The Royal Society. After making their selection for Award recipients, the recommendations of these prize committees are confirmed by the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.

The Kavli Prizes were initiated by and named after Fred Kavli, founder and chairman of The Kavli Foundation, which is dedicated to advancing science for the benefit of humanity, promoting public understanding of scientific research, and supporting scientists and their work.

The prizes are awarded at a ceremony in Oslo, Norway Kavli's native country with the President of the Norwegian Academy presiding. This year's ceremony will be hosted by se Kleveland, former Minister of culture for Norway, and Alan Alda, actor, director and writer whose long-time support of science has been honoured with the US National Science Board's Public Service Award.

The ceremony is part of Kavli Prize Week - a week of special programs that celebrate extraordinary achievements in science, educate the public on important scientific advances, and bring together distinguished members of the international community to discuss key global issues in science and science policy.

For more detailed information on each of the prizes, the 2012 laureates and their work, and Kavli Prize ceremony and Kavli Prize Week, see the Kavli Prize web page www.kavliprize.no


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


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